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    <h1 class="js-title">Init &amp; Move</h1>
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<hr>


<p>2024.08.24</p>
<h2 id="导入">导入</h2>
<p>导入 <code>2D Beginner Tutorial Resources.unitypackage</code> 后</p>
<h2 id="精灵">精灵</h2>
<p>精灵 Sprite 是 Unity 中 2D 素材的默认存在形式，是 Unity 中的 2D 图形对象。在 2D 游戏中，使用 2D 素材的过程：PNG（JPG 等）&mdash;-&gt; Sprite &mdash;-&gt; GameObject</p>
<ol>
<li>将 Ruby.png 拖到 Assets/Art/Sprites 中</li>
<li>用这个资源创建对象到 Hierarchy 中</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Sprite Renderer
<ul>
<li>Flip X Y 是水平和垂直翻转</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>移动精灵是以中心点为原点（0,0），左 x 负，右 x 正，上 y 正，下 y 负。基于 Transform 组件的 Position 进行修改</p>
<ol start="3">
<li>新建 RubyController 脚本，实现每帧右移 0.1</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#272822;background-color:#fafafa;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-cs" data-lang="cs"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#00a8c8">void</span> <span style="color:#111">Update</span><span style="color:#111">()</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#111">{</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#75715e">// 创建一个 Vector2 对象 position，用来获取当前对象的位置</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#111">Vector2</span> <span style="color:#111">position</span> <span style="color:#111">=</span> <span style="color:#111">transform</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">position</span><span style="color:#111">;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#75715e">// 更改 position 的 x 坐标值，让其 加上 0.1</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#111">position</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">x</span> <span style="color:#111">=</span> <span style="color:#111">position</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">x</span> <span style="color:#111">+</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0.1f</span><span style="color:#111">;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#75715e">// 更新当前对象的位置到新位置</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#111">transform</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">position</span> <span style="color:#111">=</span> <span style="color:#111">position</span><span style="color:#111">;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#111">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>重新赋值的原因在于 Vector2 （包括 Vector3 和其它）是 struct ，是值类型，通过 <code>Vector2 position = transform.position</code> 获取实际是值传递的副本，好比方法的参数是一个 int ，调用方法传递参数，在方法内部修改这个 int 并不会影响外面。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#272822;background-color:#fafafa;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-cs" data-lang="cs"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#00a8c8">public</span> <span style="color:#111">Vector3</span> <span style="color:#111">position</span> <span style="color:#75715e">// position 是被封装了的</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#111">{</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#00a8c8">get</span> <span style="color:#75715e">// .position 实际是调用的 get 方法， return 出来就是副本</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#111">{</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>        <span style="color:#111">get_position_Injected</span><span style="color:#111">(</span><span style="color:#00a8c8">out</span> <span style="color:#00a8c8">var</span> <span style="color:#111">ret</span><span style="color:#111">);</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>        <span style="color:#00a8c8">return</span> <span style="color:#111">ret</span><span style="color:#111">;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#111">}</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#00a8c8">set</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#111">{</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>        <span style="color:#111">set_position_Injected</span><span style="color:#111">(</span><span style="color:#00a8c8">ref</span> <span style="color:#00a8c8">value</span><span style="color:#111">);</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#111">}</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#111">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>另外如果写为 <code>transform.position.x += 0.1f;</code> 会报错提示 <code>无法修改 Transform.position</code> 的返回值，因为它不是变量。</p>
<ol start="4">
<li>改写为受控制的移动，比如键盘 <code>wasd</code> 和 <code>控制区的上下左右按键</code></li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#272822;background-color:#fafafa;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-cs" data-lang="cs"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#00a8c8">void</span> <span style="color:#111">Update</span><span style="color:#111">()</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#111">{</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#75715e">// 获取水平输入，按向左，会获得 -1.0 f ; 按向右，会获得 1.0 f</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#00a8c8">float</span> <span style="color:#111">horizontal</span> <span style="color:#111">=</span> <span style="color:#111">Input</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">GetAxis</span><span style="color:#111">(</span><span style="color:#d88200">&#34;Horizontal&#34;</span><span style="color:#111">);</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#75715e">// 获取垂直输入，按向下，会获得 -1.0 f ; 按向上，会获得 1.0 f</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#00a8c8">float</span> <span style="color:#111">vertical</span> <span style="color:#111">=</span> <span style="color:#111">Input</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">GetAxis</span><span style="color:#111">(</span><span style="color:#d88200">&#34;Vertical&#34;</span><span style="color:#111">);</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#75715e">// 获取对象当前位置</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#111">Vector2</span> <span style="color:#111">position</span> <span style="color:#111">=</span> <span style="color:#111">transform</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">position</span><span style="color:#111">;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#75715e">// 更改位置</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#111">position</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">x</span> <span style="color:#111">=</span> <span style="color:#111">position</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">x</span> <span style="color:#111">+</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0.1f</span> <span style="color:#111">*</span> <span style="color:#111">horizontal</span><span style="color:#111">;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#111">position</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">y</span> <span style="color:#111">=</span> <span style="color:#111">position</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">y</span> <span style="color:#111">+</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0.1f</span> <span style="color:#111">*</span> <span style="color:#111">vertical</span><span style="color:#111">;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#75715e">// 新位置给游戏对象</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#111">transform</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">position</span> <span style="color:#111">=</span> <span style="color:#111">position</span><span style="color:#111">;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#111">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Edit -&gt; Project Settings (当前项目的设置)-&gt; Input Manager 中的 Axes <code>Horizontal</code> 和 <code>Vertical</code> 里面设置就对应上面代码的 GetAxis 以及对应按键的响应。这个 Manager 里面还有比如 <code>Fire1</code> 的设置（对应鼠标左键和左ctrl键），可以通过 <code>Input.GetButtonDown(&quot;Fire1&quot;)</code> 代码触发。与 <code>Input.GetAxis</code> 的区别在于</p>
<ul>
<li>GetAxis 返回 0 -1 1， GetButtonDown 会返回 true false</li>
<li>Input.GetAxis 用于处理连续的、渐变的输入，适合需要平滑过渡的动作</li>
<li>Input.GetButtonDown 用于处理离散的、瞬时的输入，适合需要立即触发的事件</li>
</ul>
<p>所以用于移动的处理官方建议使用 GetAxis ，其它地方若出现用别的方法实现移动的则不规范！</p>
<p>以上的响应按键代码实现存在大问题。即帧数越高， Update 触发越多，移动越快，所以需要从物理的角度来实现，如 <code>速度 * 时间 = 距离</code> 。或者通过锁帧的方式实现，但不推荐。先看看锁帧的方法</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#272822;background-color:#fafafa;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-cs" data-lang="cs"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e">// 在第一次帧更新之前调用 Start</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#00a8c8">void</span> <span style="color:#111">Start</span><span style="color:#111">()</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#111">{</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#75715e">// 只有将垂直同步计数设置为0，才能锁帧，否则锁帧的代码无效</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#75715e">// 垂直同步的作用就是显著减少游戏画面撕裂、跳帧，因为画面的渲染不是整个画面一同渲染的，而是逐行或逐列渲染的，能够让FPS保持与显示屏的刷新率相同。</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#111">QualitySettings</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">vSyncCount</span> <span style="color:#111">=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span><span style="color:#111">;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#75715e">//设定应用程序帧数为10</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#111">Application</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">targetFrameRate</span> <span style="color:#111">=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">10</span><span style="color:#111">;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#111">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>再看物理方式</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#272822;background-color:#fafafa;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-cs" data-lang="cs"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e">// 将速度暴露出来，使其可调</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#00a8c8">public</span> <span style="color:#00a8c8">float</span> <span style="color:#111">speed</span> <span style="color:#111">=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0.1f</span><span style="color:#111">;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e">// 每帧调用一次 Update</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#00a8c8">void</span> <span style="color:#111">Update</span><span style="color:#111">()</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#111">{</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#00a8c8">float</span> <span style="color:#111">horizontal</span> <span style="color:#111">=</span> <span style="color:#111">Input</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">GetAxis</span><span style="color:#111">(</span><span style="color:#d88200">&#34;Horizontal&#34;</span><span style="color:#111">);</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#00a8c8">float</span> <span style="color:#111">vertical</span> <span style="color:#111">=</span> <span style="color:#111">Input</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">GetAxis</span><span style="color:#111">(</span><span style="color:#d88200">&#34;Vertical&#34;</span><span style="color:#111">);</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#111">Vector2</span> <span style="color:#111">position</span> <span style="color:#111">=</span> <span style="color:#111">transform</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">position</span><span style="color:#111">;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#111">position</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">x</span> <span style="color:#111">=</span> <span style="color:#111">position</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">x</span> <span style="color:#111">+</span> <span style="color:#111">speed</span> <span style="color:#111">*</span> <span style="color:#111">horizontal</span> <span style="color:#111">*</span> <span style="color:#111">Time</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">deltaTime</span><span style="color:#111">;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#111">position</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">y</span> <span style="color:#111">=</span> <span style="color:#111">position</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">y</span> <span style="color:#111">+</span> <span style="color:#111">speed</span> <span style="color:#111">*</span> <span style="color:#111">vertical</span> <span style="color:#111">*</span> <span style="color:#111">Time</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">deltaTime</span><span style="color:#111">;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#111">transform</span><span style="color:#111">.</span><span style="color:#111">position</span> <span style="color:#111">=</span> <span style="color:#111">position</span><span style="color:#111">;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#111">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div>

    


                    
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